Samsung Chef Collection Microwave and Oven Cnet Reviews
Who Invented the Microwave Oven?
A microwave oven is a kitchen appliance that is in nearly every U.Due south. abode — 90 percent of households have 1, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. With the affect of a couple of buttons, this ubiquitous device tin boil h2o, reheat leftovers, pop popcorn or defrost frozen meats in mere minutes.
The microwave oven was invented at the end of World State of war Two. Nonetheless it took awhile for them to catch on. At first they were too big and expensive, and people didn't trust them because of the radiation they use. Somewhen, engineering science improved and fears faded. By the 2000s, Americans named the microwave oven as the No. one technology that made their lives easier, according to J. Carlton Gallawa, writer of the Complete Microwave Oven Service Handbook.
And it was all due to a happy blow with some melted chocolate.
Accidental invention
Percy LeBaron Spencer was a cocky-taught engineer who had never finished grammer school, according to the Southwest Museum of Engineering, Communication and Computation. While at the Raytheon Corp., he worked on magnetrons — vacuum tubes that produce microwave radiations and are used in radar systems. In 1941, he devised a more efficient manner to manufacture them. His innovation allowed production to ascent from 17 per twenty-four hours to over 2,600 per day.
Spencer was testing a magnetron when he noticed that the chocolate bar in his pocket had melted, according to Raytheon's visitor history. Intrigued, Spencer tested other foods, including popcorn kernels, and noticed that they all popped. He put an egg almost the magnetron and watched every bit it started to shake and so explode. Spencer realized that the foods had been exposed to low-density microwave energy, according to Gallawa. He adjacent built a metal box and fed microwave power into it. The energy entered the box only could not escape — microwaves practise not pass through metal. Spencer discovered that microwaves could cook nutrient faster than convention ovens that used heat. He filed a patent application in 1945. (Spencer went on to receive 150 patents throughout his career, according to the National Inventors Hall of Fame. He died in 1970.)
The get-go commercial microwave oven was tested in a Boston restaurant in 1947. Subsequently that year, Raytheon introduced the Radarange 1161. It stood 5.5 feet (1.7 meters) alpine, weighed 750 lbs. (340 kilograms) and cost $v,000, co-ordinate to Gallawa. It had to be hooked up to a h2o line because the magnetron was h2o-cooled. It took a few years for the public to overcome their initial reluctance only as applied science improved, microwave ovens grew in popularity, especially in the nutrient industry. Restaurants could proceed cooked recipes in the refrigerator and estrus them to order reducing waste matter. Other food industry establishments used microwaves for roasting coffee beans and peanuts, defrosting and precooking meat, and even shucking oysters.
Other industries also found uses for microwave heating. Microwave ovens are also used to dry cork, ceramics, paper, leather, tobacco, textiles, pencils, flowers, moisture books and match heads, co-ordinate to Gallawa.
Tappan, an appliance maker, introduced the first microwave ovens for dwelling use in 1955, just because of their large size — as big as a stove — and high cost — $one,295 — few were sold, co-ordinate to Gallawa. Raytheon acquired Amana Refrigeration in 1965, and two years later, the Amana Radarange, which could fit on a kitchen countertop, was introduced. It cost but nether $500.
Shortly afterward, microwave ovens became more popular than even the dishwasher due to decreasing sizes and costs. In 1975, only 4 percentage of U.S. homes had a microwave oven, according to Gallawa; in 1976, the number jumped to fourteen per centum. Today, approximately xc per centum of households in the United States accept a microwave oven, according to the Agency of Labor Statistics.
How does a microwave work?
Microwave ovens use radio waves ready at a specific frequency — 2,450 megahertz with a power ranging from 500 to 1,100 watts, according to the Globe Health System (WHO). Food that sits in a microwave oven is bombarded on all sides by the microwaves. Water molecules within the food absorb the microwaves, and the resulting vibrations generate heat and melt the food. Microwaves pass through plastic, glass and ceramic but not metals, which is why it is non recommended to use metal containers or utensils in a microwave oven, according to SciTech.
A magnetron generates the microwaves. According to EngineerGuy, a magnetron is two permanent magnets on either side of a vacuum tube. Microwave radiations is created by the flow of electrons building upwards magnetic and electrical fields, according to Tech-Faq. The microwaves are directed to the oven sleeping accommodation in guild to estrus and cook the food.
Microwave safety
Since their initial evolution, microwave ovens have gotten a bad rap due to their use of microwave radiation. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), microwave ovens are safe when they are used properly and maintained in good condition. While massive amounts of microwave radiation tin be harmful, ovens are designed to keep the radiation within the oven and present only when the oven is switched on and the door is shut. A minimal amount of radiations that may leak, primarily through the glass door, is well below international standards.
According to the WHO, several countries and international standards committees have fix a product emission limit of 50 watts per square meter at any point 5 centimeters away from the external surfaces of the oven. In practice, microwave emissions are essentially beneath this limit. As well, exposure decreases rapidly with distance: a person 50 cm from the oven receives nearly one 1-hundredth of the microwave exposure of a person v cm away.
The main health business organisation when it comes to using microwaves is that in general, microwaves heat unevenly and can crusade parts of the food to either be undercooked or extremely hot, so caution is needed — as well every bit a few extra minutes — for the heat to equalize within the food. The primary injury that results from using a microwave oven is a burn resulting from hot food and liquids or the particles of hot food from explosions from foods, such as eggs in their shells, cooking unevenly.
Nutritional value
There are also concerns nearly the nutritional value of foods after they have been cooked in a microwave oven. According to the WHO, these concerns are based on misconceptions. In that location is little to no divergence in nutritional value of foods cooked in microwave oven versus a conventional oven, nor does cooking nutrient in a microwave oven make the food radioactive.
A 1982 commodity published in Critical Reviews in Food Scientific discipline and Nutrition reviewed information from several studies on the effects of microwave cooking on the nutritive values of moisture, poly peptide, sugar, lipid, minerals and vitamins. The authors concluded that no significant nutritional differences exist between foods prepared by conventional and microwave methods.
In 2010, a squad of researchers from the Universidad Complutense Madrid in Spain cooked a variety of veggies, from artichokes to zucchini, with techniques ranging from humid to frying to microwaving. They measured the amount of antioxidants present before and after cooking. They institute that baking, griddle-cooking and microwaving produced the lowest losses, while boiling and pressure-cooking were the hardest on antioxidants. Frying was somewhere in between.
The future of microwave ovens
Many microwave ovens today contain sensors that stop themselves when the nutrient has completed cooking, according to SciTech. Samsung has developed a microwave oven that offers a variety of cooking methods. In addition to defrosting meats and reheating leftovers, the oven can fry and broil. Information technology also has a fermentation cycle that tin be used in making fresh dough and yogurt.
A microwave oven from NXP Semiconductors uses solid-country RF (radiofrequency) energy to cook. The microwave oven controls where, when and the corporeality of energy that is transmitted straight into the food. The issue is improved consistency, taste and nutrition, according to NXP. The solid-state device allows for decision-making large amounts of energy with high efficiency and with real-time feedback.
Other companies such equally Wayv are producing portable, solid-country RF microwave ovens that can be charged via a regular plug, in the machine, or with solar chargers. This detail model, which resembles a thermos, can be used for approximately 30 minutes per charge to heat upward to 17 fluid ounces (0.5 liters) at a fourth dimension.
Microwave ovens are also gaining features to be able to connect to mobile technologies, such equally the line of LG smart appliances. These appliances have the ability to be turned on remotely from anywhere via a smartphone or other device.
Additional resources
- Food and Wine: This New Microwave Could Finally Supplant Current 50-Year-Old Technology
- Journal of Microwave Power: The Bear upon of Microwaves on the Futurity of the Food Manufacture: Domestic and Commercial Microwave Ovens
- National Museum of American History: Tappan Model RL-1 Microwave Oven
Since high school, Rachel Ross has been looking upwardly toward the stars to sympathize how the universe works. She has an undergraduate degree from the University of California Davis and a main's caste in astronomy from James Cook University. Rachel has spent several years making her passion for astronomy and science education into a profession. She has fifty-fifty held the position of Jedi master at an observatory. And no matter what anybody says, the final answer is always 42 and duct tape is useful in all situations.
Source: https://www.livescience.com/57405-who-invented-microwave-oven.html
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